Grape vine

Grape vines are usually trained hard in their first two years to establish a strong framework, with any fruit removed to direct energy into root and wood growth. A small crop is typical from year three, with full production from year five onwards. Most dessert and wine grapes are self-fertile, so a single vine will crop. In cooler climates, reliable outdoor varieties include Boskoop Glory, Regent, and Solaris; Muscat of Alexandria does well under glass. If buying a vine, check whether it is on its own roots or grafted onto phylloxera-resistant rootstock — own-rooted vines are vulnerable in affected soils. A well-maintained vine can crop heavily for decades.